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Free Educational Series · Advanced

Colonial & Early American Coins

America's earliest coins — Spanish colonial pieces, state coppers, the Fugio cent, Continental Currency, and the first coins struck by the Philadelphia Mint.

8 parts · Free to read

Part 1

Pre-Federal Coinage: Before the US Mint

Money in colonial America — the jumble of foreign coins, wampum, commodity money, and private issues that served as currency before the Constitution.

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Part 2

Spanish Colonial Coins in Early America

The "Pieces of Eight" that funded a nation — Spanish milled dollars, pillar dollars, and cob coins that were legal tender in America until 1857.

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Part 3

Colonial Coppers: State Issues & Private Mints

State-authorized coinages — Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York coppers, the Vermont landscape coins, and privately issued tokens of the colonial era.

Part 4

The Fugio Cent: America's First Federal Coin

Benjamin Franklin's "Mind Your Business" — the 1787 Fugio cent, its design symbolism, the contract with James Jarvis, and collecting the many die varieties.

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Part 5

Continental Currency & Early Paper Money

Paper money that funded a revolution — Continental Currency, the hyperinflation that made it "not worth a Continental," and surviving examples collectors pursue.

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Part 6

Early US Mint Issues: Flowing Hair & Draped Bust

The first coins of the Philadelphia Mint — Flowing Hair and Draped Bust designs across all denominations, key dates, and the challenges of collecting early Mint issues.

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Part 7

Authenticating & Grading Early American Coins

Special considerations for pre-1800 coins — die states, planchet quality, adjustment marks, and why early American coin authentication requires specialized expertise.

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Part 8

Collecting Pre-1800 Coins: Market & Strategies

Building an early American collection — price expectations, condition rarity, the Colonial Coin Collectors Club, and strategies for acquiring scarce 18th-century coins.

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